تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی ناسازه‌های نخبگی در مدارس سمپاد (مورد مطالعه: دانش‌آموزان مدارس سمپاد تهران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه جامعه‌‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران. ایران

10.22059/jisr.2023.363310.1424

چکیده

دانش‌آموزان سمپاد در رقابتی درونی با خود دوباره به دو سنخ قوی و ضعیف تقسیم می‌شوند. همۀ دانش‌آموزان سمپاد نخبه‌اند. دانش‌آموز ضعیف سمپاد نخبه‌ای معمولی می‌شود. نخبۀ معمولی، دانش‌آموزی است که در رقابت کنکور سمپاد پیروز شده است، ولی در رقابت درون سمپاد شکست خورده است. در این مقاله نشان می‌دهیم چگونه سنخ «نخبۀ معمولی» در نهایت میان‌ذهنیت دانش‌آموز سمپاد را تشکیل می‌دهد.
در این پژوهش که به‌صورت اتنوگرافیک صورت پذیرفته است. یکی از پژوهشگران به‌عنوان معلم و مشاور مدرسۀ سمپاد با این دانش‌آموزان همراه بود و از خلال آنان زیست درون مدارس سمپاد را رصد می‌کرد. یکی دیگر از روش‌های ما، تحلیل ثانویه و تحلیل اسنادی است که از دیگر منابع و مصاحبه‌هایی که درمورد سمپاد در فضای مجازی در دسترس است، به‌دست آمده است.
یافته­ها نشان می­دهد که «نخبۀ معمولی» وارد سمپاد شده است، ولی نمی‌تواند انتظارات مدرسه را برآورده کند؛ خانواده فشارش بر این نخبۀ معمولی مضاعف است. این نخبگان معمولی عامل اصلی تداوم رقابت هستند؛ زیرا آن‌ها وجه سلبی رقابت را نشان می‌دهند. گروه پیروزانی اکنون بازنده، اخلاق رقابت را در همۀ زیست خود تسری می‌دهند و بدین طریق فرهنگ سوبژکتیو موفقیت، از روی فرهنگ ابژکتیو رقابت به‌عنوان ارزش اصلی زیست برساخته می‌شود. از سوی دیگر، با شکست در رقابت و به‌رسمیت‌شناخته‌نشدن، اهداف اصلی سمپاد را به چالش می‌کشند.
سنخ نخبۀ معمولی آشکارکنندۀ وجهی از «شخصیت اقتدارگرا» است. او از یک سو خود را برندۀ رقابت می‌پندارد و از سوی دیگر ذهنیتش برساخته‌شده به‌واسطۀ همین رقابت است. به این ترتیب به‌صورتی متناقض خود را در برابر «همگان» ضعیف می‌‌پندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sociological Analysis of the Inconsistencies of Elitism in NODET Schools (Case Study: Students of NODET Schools in Tehran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mahdi Etemaidifard
  • Amirhossein Salehi
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Academically distinct from other institutions, the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET) divides its students into 'Ordinary Elites' and 'Competing Elites,' thereby establishing an internal dich​otomy. This division establishes the foundation for a scholarly, self-motivated competition within the rigorous academic environment of NODET. However, a paradox emerges: despite the fact that every student is classified as gifted, their performance may vary, thereby obscuring the distinction between outstanding and average accomplishments. Compounded by familial expectations, this duality places moderately exceptional students under considerable stress. Unwittingly, the 'Ordinary Elites' shape NODET's ethos by perpetuating a culture of competition.
The present investigation utilizes a rigorously planned ethnographic methodology, in which one investigator undertakes the responsibilities of both an instructor, mentor, and former student of NODET. This comprehensive experience offers an exceptional comprehension of the internal operations of the institution, revealing aspects that are hidden from outsiders. This approach sheds light on the challenges encountered by students who perform below expectations in the academic domain of NODET, thereby providing a holistic view of the educational ecosystem.
The NODET educational framework fosters an intricate interaction that divides students into distinct tiers of achievement, inciting an internally motivated rivalry that challenges traditional standards. This diversity provokes complex discussions that delve into the fundamental nature of educational elitism. The varied impacts of NODET's competitive culture are graphically illustrated through the subjective experiences of students who traverse the spectrum of academic performance. By conducting this inquiry, the complex structure of NODET's scholarly environment is exposed, providing an intellectually stimulating examination of fostering outstanding abilities in the highly competitive realm of modern education.
NODET’s unique environment results in the formation of a distinct subset known as the 'Ordinary Elites.' Although this collective is found in academic institutions across the globe, it manifests itself uniquely within NODET. This research illuminates the intricate nature of NODET's competitive culture, uncovering the significant ramifications it has on the identities of its students. The results emphasize the importance of developing a more nuanced comprehension of educational elitism and call for a reassessment of traditional approaches to nurturing exceptional abilities in the highly competitive educational environment of the twenty-first century.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • NODET
  • Competition
  • Elite
  • Identity
  • Ethnographic Study
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