Qualitative study of forming extra marriage affairs (Case Study: Women and men Divorce applicant in Mashhad)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 PHD student in Economic Sociology and Development, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 MSc in Social Welfare Planning, Tehran of University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Extramarital affair is generally kNown as a social issue due to the cultural conditions of Iran, the framework of relations between men and women and the extent of their relationship. By establishing an extramarital affair, social actors are somehow trying to fill the gaps in their marital relationship. In fact, several factors are related to each other and cause the pheNomeNon of extramarital affairs. Sometimes this process begins in childhood and accompanies a set of factors and conditions until marriage and leads to the occurrence of extramarital affair after marriage. Therefore, without identifying these multifaceted and multilevel processes, it will be difficult to understand the pheNomeNon of extramarital affairs.
Research Method: The present study, with a qualitative approach and the technique of narrative interviews, investigated and identified the processes of extramarital affair among men and women seeking divorce referred to the Khorasan Razavi Welfare Organization. In this study, 17 cases of narrative interviews (12 women and 5 men) were performed.
Findings: We obtained this study after obtaining seventeen narratives from men and women with extramarital affairs and divorce applicants whose reason for requesting separation was to establish an extramarital affair, drawing specific models for each of them and finally after placing the process models extracted from the interviews. On a more abstract level, there have been five process models. These process models are the result of the existence of similar patterns among the narrators of the interviewees, the combination of the drawn models, the abstraction and analysis of the narratives taken from the interviewees. The extracted processes include the aNomic conditions of the society, the child of the spouse, the couple's conflict in sexual culture, the conflicts in the marital relationship and the religious gap between the individual and the family.
Conclusion: The results of the study of the narratives taken from the participants showed that activists who face childhood prohibitions and compulsions from the family regarding their religious practices, gradually in adolescence and youth suffer from weak religious beliefs, Non-adherence to religious rules and Weak religious beliefs will also lead to personality-psychological problems such as low self-esteem, aggression and negative self-image. In addition, since Iranian society is in transition and there is No specific Norm in which to have an emotional and sexual relationship with the opposite sex during the past years, actors will practically experience an aNomaly in their relationships. In such a situation, due to the lack of a proper Norm, the influence of individuals from their reference groups and friends increases and they do Not find a specific Norm regarding relationships with the opposite sex. For this reason, everyone pursues only their own personal goals. It seems that people who grow up in such aNomic conditions and unrestricted relationships with the opposite sex, if they get married, will generally have a tendency to have free relationships and For this reason, they generally suffer from emotional gaps in their relationship with their spouse. In addition to this psychological distance between couples, quantitative and qualitative dissatisfaction with sex with their spouse can be further cause and lead the actor in the marital relationship to establish an extramarital affair. Also, according to the findings of the present study, in some cases, the criteria for choosing a spouse in women after marriage has changed due to the increase in education and employment, which has resulted in reluctance to spouse and emotional and sexual orientation to another. Finally, the next conflicting sexual culture is aNother process that can eventually lead to an extramarital affair. Experienced before marriage, this conflict in couples' sexual cultures provides the conditions for emotional, behavioral and sexual dissatisfaction of couples with each other.

Keywords

References

  • Akbari, Z., Shafiabadi, A., and Honarparvaran, N. (2011), “Comparison of Attachment Styles in Married Men with Extramarital Relationships”, Journal of Thought and Behavior, No.  20 (5): 25-30. (In Persian)
  • Allen, E. S., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., Markman, H. J., Williams, T., Melton, J., & Clements, M. L. (2008), “Premarital precursors of marital infidelity”, Family process, No 47(2): 243-259.
  • Aminiha, A., Farahbakhsh, K., and Esmaili, M. (2015), “Qualitative Investigation in the Response Of of Spouses to the Disclosure Of of Marital Infidelity”, Family Counseling and Psychotherapy Quarterly, No.  55(3): 72-92. (In Persian)
  • Asayesh, M., Farahbakhsh, K., Salimi Bejestani, H., and ,.Delavar, A. , (2019), “Study of Communication Reactions Of of Women Victims Of of Spousal Infidelity: A Qualitative Study”, Journal of Counseling Research, No.  (69)18: 31-58.
  • Aviram, I., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2005), “Online infidelity: Aspects of dyadic satisfaction, self-disclosure, and narcissism”, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, N0 10(3): JCMC1037.
  • Bhanji, S. M., & Punjani, N. S. (2014), “Determinants of child (early) marriages among young girls: a public health issue”, Journal of Women’s Health Care, NO 3(3): 1-3.
  • Biro, A.llen (2001), Culture of Social Sciences, Translated by Baqer Sarukhani, Tehran: Fekouhi Publishing.
  • Burdette, A. M., Ellison, C. G., Sherkat, D. E., & Gore, K. A. (2007), “Are there religious variations in marital infidelity?”, Journal of Family Issues, No 28(12): 1553-1581.
  • Chalabi, M. (1996), Sociology of Order: A Theoretical Analysis of Social Order, Tehran: Ney Publishing. (In Persian)
  • Coleman, J. (1996), Foundations of Social Theory, Translated by MaNouchehr Manouchehr Sabouri Kashani, Tehran: Ney Publishing. (In Persian)
  • Cresswell, J.ohn (2011), Qualitative Inquiry, Translated by Hassan Danaeifard, Tehran: Saffar Publishing.
  • Eider, M., and Mardani, M. (2016), “Study of Factors Related to the Tendency Of of Married Men To to Relationships Outside outside The the Marital Relationship (A Case Study Of of Married Men In in Shiraz)”, Journal of Social Sciences of, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch, No. 10(4): 145-172.
  • Ejtehadi, M., and Vahedi, G. (2016), “Sociological Study of the Potential Of of Infidelity In in Marital Relationships And and The the Factors Affecting It Among Public And and Private Employees:”, Iranian Journal of Sociology, No. 17 (4): 105-138.
  • Ezzati, N., and Kakabraei, K. (2016), “Predicting Marital Infidelity Based on the Quality of Marital Life and the Five Major Personality Factors”, Journal of Nations Research, No. 9(1): 75-82.
  • Farhangi, A. (2000), Human Communications, (Basics), Tehran: Rasa Cultural Services Institute.
  • Fathi, M., Fekr Azad, H., Ghaffari, G., and Boalhari, J. (2013), “Underlying Factors of Women's Marital Unfaithfulness”, Quarterly Journal of Social Welfare, No. (51): 109-137.
  • Fincham, F. D., and May, R. W. (2017), “Infidelity in Romantic Relationships”. Current Opinion Inin Psychology, No. 13: 70-74.
  • Flick, F. (2013), An Introduction to Qualitative Research, Translated by Hadi Jalili, Tehran: Ney Publishing.
  • Ghafourian, P., Asghari Ebrahimabad, M., and Abdolkhodaei, M (2015), “The Role of Individual, Family, Social and Religious Factors in Extramarital Relationships of Married Women and Presenting a Treatment Model Based on Related Factors: A Qualitative Research”, Journal of Women's Psychosocial Social Studies, No. 57 (16): 7-42.
  • Giddens, A. (2005), The Consequences of Modernity, Translated by Mohsen Salasi, Tehran: Markaz.
  • Granvold, D. K., Pedler, L. M., & Schellie, S. G. (1979), “A study of sex role expectancy and female postdivorce adjustment”. Journal of Divorce, No 2(4): 383-393.
  • Habibi Asgarabad, M., and Haji Heidari, Z. (2015), “Causes of Marital Infidelity from the Perspective of Couples Referral to Family Court: A Qualitative Study”, Family Research Quarterly, No. 42: 165-186.
  • Haddadi, S., Ansari Nejad, N., Aghajani, T., and Khaleghi Esfahani, A. (2016), “The Relationship between Psychological and Social Factors and Attitudes Toward the Unfaithfulness of Married Men and Women in Tehran”, Psychological Studies and Educational Sciences, No. 5: 135-152.
  • Hajian, B., and ; Enayat, H. (2015), “Factors Related To to Trust in Non-infidelity of the Studied Spouse: Men And and Women in Isfahan”, Applied Sociology, No. O (4)26: 4: 69-86.
  • Hojjatkhah, M., Mohammadi, M., and Valdbeigi, P. (2016), “The Relationship between Attachment Styles, Personality Traits and Forgiveness with Attitudes Towardtoward Extramarital Relationships in Married People in Kermanshah”, Journal of Women's Psychosocial Social Studies, No.  (48)14: 209-228.
  • Iman, M., Goli, A., and Zare, A. (2015), “A Study of the Spatial Pattern of Marriage Prevalence among Urban Women Underunder 20 and Their Childbearing”, Urban Sociological Studies, No. (14)5: 1-24.
  • Javadi Pashaki, N., Darvishpour, A. (2019), “Review of the Concepts Of of Theoretical Sensitivity And and Rethinking In in Qualitative Research”, Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, No. 8: 57-65.
  • Javadi, H., ; Elmi, M., and Sabbagh, S. (2012), “Study of Effective Social Factors in the Feeling Of of Social Anomie Among Students Of of Tabriz Azad University”, Sociological Studies, No. (14): 29-46.
  • Kamali, A., and Eskandari, L (2011), “Women and Trust: A Study of Social Trust in Tehran Women”, Women's Psychological Social Studies, No. 9 (1): 98-118.
  • Karami, J., Zaki, A., Mohammadi, O., and Haghshenas, Sh. (2015), “The Role Of of Psychological And and Social Factors In in Predicting Attitudes Toward Extramarital Relationships In in Married Women And and Presenting A a Model Based On on Related Factors”, Women's Socio-Psychological Studies, 13, No. 3: 129-152.
  • Kozer, L. (1997), Life and Thought of Sociological Elders, Translated by Mohsen Salasi, Tehran: Elmi Publications.
  • Little, D.aniel (1984), Explanation in Social Sciences: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Science, Translated by Abdolkarim Soroush, Tehran: Sarat.
  • Lotfizadeh, A., Zahedi, M. J., , Javadand ; Golabi, F. (2018), “Modernization of Women and Marital Intimacy (Study of Three Generations of Tabriz Women)”, Iranian Journal of Social Studies and Research, No. (2)7: 227-253.
  • Luhmann, N. (2018), Trust and power, London: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Marín, R. A., Christensen, A., and Atkins, D. C. (2014), “Infidelity and Behavioral Couple Therapy: Relationship Outcomes Over 5 Years Following Therapy”. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, No. (3): 1-12
  • Mirrezaei, Z., Sarukhani, B., and Sarai, H. (2016), “Globalization and Demographic Changes of the Iranian Family”, Women and Family Studies, NO No. 35 (9): 119-154.
  • Modiri, F. (2017), “Study of Joint Activities Withwith Thethe Spouse Andand Its Relationship Withwith Thethe Sustainability Ofof Marital Life”, Quarterly Journal of Social Studies and Research in Iran, No. (3))6: 475-494.
  • Mohammadpour, A. (2011), Anti-Method Qualitative Research Method (Scientific Steps and Procedures in Qualitative Methodology), Volume 2, Tehran: Sociologists Publishing.
  • Morrison, K. (2006), Marx, Durkheim,  Weber: Formations of Modern Social Thought, New York: SAGE.
  • Morvati, S., Vahidnia, F., Sadeghi, E., and Fattahi, A (2014), “Causes and Factors Of Sexual Deviations From The Perspective Of Theof Sexual Deviations from the Perspective of the Qur'an and Hadiths”, Islamic Research Journal of Women and Family, No 2(2): 93-113.
  • Munsch, C. L. (2015), “Her Support, His Support: Money, Masculinity, Andand Marital Infidelity”, American Sociological Review, No. 80(3): 469-495.
  • Navai, F., Ketabi, M., and Shafiee, E. (2017), “Authoritarian Educational Methods Inin Thethe Iranian Family Onon Political Culture Inin Thethe Second Pahlavi Period”, Islamic Revolution Approach, No. 40: 45-50.
  • Nowak, N. T., Weisfeld, G. E., Imamoğlu, O., Weisfeld, C. C., Butovskaya, M., & Shen, J. (2014), “Attractiveness and spousal infidelity as predictors of sexual fulfillment without the marriage partner in couples from five cultures”, Human Ethology Bulletin, No  29: 18-38.
  • Panjeband, Y., and ,. Enayat, H. (2016), “The Process Of of Formation Of of Extramarital Affairs From from The the Perspective Of of Men”, Armaghan Danesh, No. 21 (8): 830-845.
  • Previti, D., & Amato, P. R. (2004), “Is infidelity a cause or a consequence of poor marital quality?”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, No 21(2): 217-230.
  • Ross, C. E., and Mirowsky, J. (1999), “Parental Divorce, Life-Course Disruption, Andand Adult Depression”. Journal of Marriage and the Family, No. 4: 1034-1045.
  • Sadeghi Fasaei, S., and Erfan Manesh, I. (2013), “Sociological Analysis of the Effects of Modernization on the Iranian Family and the Necessity of Developing an Iranian-Islamic Model”, Woman in Culture and Art, No.  5 (1): 63-84.
  • Sadeghi Fasaei, S., and Malekipour, Z. (2015), “Consequences of Distance iIn Couples' Relationships aAnd Coping Strategies”, Journal of Social Sciences of , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, No. 25: 1-26.
  • Shackelford, T. K., Besser, A., and Goetz, A. T. (2008), “Personality, Marital Satisfaction, and Probability of Marital Infidelity”. Individual Differences Research, No. 1: 13-25
  • Sharafoddin, H., Salehizadeh, A. (2016), “Backgrounds of Extramarital Affairs in Iran; : Case Study of Tehran” , Socio-Cultural KNowledgeKnowledge, No 27 (3): 117-138. (In Persian)
  • Strauss, A., and Ccorbin, J,. (2013), Basics of Qualitative Research Techniques and Stages of Production of Background Theory, Translated by Ebrahim Afshar, Tehran: Ney Publishing.
  • Toloui, V., Khaleghpanah, K (2.008), “Narrative Studies and Narrative Analysis”, Khanesh Magazine, No.  52: 14-45.
  • Wiggins, J. D., & Lederer, D. A. (1984), “Differential Antecedents Of Infidelity In Marriage”. American Mental Health Counselors Association Journal.
  • Wiggins, J. D., and Lederer, D. A. (1984), “Differential Antecedents of Infidelity In Marriage”. American Mental Health Counselors Association Journal, No. 4: 52-61.
  • Zetomka, Piotr (1387), Trust: Sociological Theory, translated by Gholamreza Ghaffari, Tehran: Shirazeh.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics