Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
department of social development studies, faculty of social saiences, university of tehran, tehran, iran
2
Department of Social Development Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22059/jisr.2025.386889.1567
Abstract
Abstract
The present article describes the experience of the Iranian rural diaspora during the Qajar period, as narrated by historical documents. Until recent decades, the majority of the population in Iran has been rural people. Throughout history, this population has always been exposed to various natural and human threats. Depending on the requirements, conditions, and social, economic, and cultural contexts, they have chosen solutions to face them. One of the reported phenomena in villages, which has been frequently mentioned by European tourists in particular, has been the abandonment of the village by all residents. Such migrations have caused the villages to become uninhabited, which ultimately led to the destruction and ruin of the villages. In this article, the environmental, cultural, and political contexts and the factors affecting this issue have been examined. The research was conducted using library resources, especially the travelogues of European tourists during the Qajar period, and using a documentary-historical method. Evidence shows that, in addition to environmental factors and hazards such as floods, earthquakes, etc., some human-made factors such as wars and government measures and injustices such as tax,, sourosat, and offerings have caused mass migration and escape of villagers from their settlements, forcing them to settle elsewhere or live a nomadic life. Factors such as ease of access to new villages, land, and houses, as well as the nomadic and nomadic culture, justified these migrations for them. However, these migrations occurred when the pressures on them increased to a point beyond their tolerance and they had no choice but to leave the village.
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