Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
10.22059/jisr.2023.358916.1400
Abstract
The primary focus of this paper is a comparison of the rights of children in two privileged and impoverished regions of Kermanshah in relation to the metropolis. We argue that the enjoyment of the right to the city extends beyond physical infrastructure and spatial boundaries, contingent upon the macroeconomic dynamics of the political economy of the community. The article’s theoretical framework employs an analogy to establish the definition of childhood, which is predicated on these connections and the incorporation of the elements comprising the right to the city of children. This is a critical research method that reveals the concealed implications of data by rereading them through the lens of economic and political relations. Field observation was employed to gather data at the locations of the two regions being compared. The study’s findings reveal a statistically significant distinction between the two districts with regard to the physical and spatial aspects of the children’s civic right. District 1 contains 12 parks catering to children, encompassing a total area of 134,000 square meters and featuring 94 recreational equipments. District 7 comprises a total of six parks, each spanning 56,000 square meters and featuring 31 playground equipments. District 7 contains a single private amusement facility, compared to four in District 1. District 1 contains 91 private institutions, while District 7 contains 17. The research findings indicate that while there are variations in the provision of entertainment, games, education, and food, addressing this inequality goes beyond physical and spatial constraints. Reducing societal inequ
Aytac, F. K. (2021). Children’s right to the city: The case of street children. International Sociology, 36(4), 605–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580920966836
Boyden, J. (1997). Childhood and the Policy Makers: A Comparative Perspective on the Globalization of Childhood. In “Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood”. Eds allison James & Alan Prout. London: Falmer Press.
Brewer, J. (2003). Comparative Analysis. In “The A-Z of Social Research: A Dictionary of Key Social Science Research Concepts”. Eds. Robert L. Miller & John D. Brewer. London: sage.
Country Program and Budget Organization (2021). The economic and social position of the provinces in the mirror of statistics. Tehran: National Program and Budget Organization. (In Persian)
Cushing, D. F, & Vliet, W. (2016). Children’s right to the city: the emergence of youth councils in the United States. Children Geographies, 15(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2016.1244602
Farhadi, M., & Miri, N. (2023). The relationship between the government budget and the economic and social development of the country’s provinces. Social Development and Welfare Planning,14(56), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjsd.2022.65870.2309 (In Persian)
Gholami, H., & Gholami, N. (2019). Government crime; A new approach in the analysis of social harms (case study: street children of Tehran). Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran,9(2), 497-518. https://doi.org/10.22059/jisr.2020.269235.772(In Persian)
Harvey, D. (2008). The Right to the City. New Left Review,
Hendrick, H. (1997). Constructions and Reconstructions of British Childhood: An Interpretative Survey, 1800 to the Present. In “Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood”. Eds. Allison James & Alan Prout. London: Falmer Press.
Jamshidiha, G., & Shaaban, M. (2019). Inverted orientalism of child rights with an emphasis on Iranian-Islamic child rights. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 9(4). 967-994. https://doi.org/10.22059/jisr.2020.295848.1004 (In Persian)
Jupp, V. (2006). Comparative Method. In “The Sage Dictionary of Social Science Methods”. Ed. Victor Jupp. London: Sage.
Karimian, J. (2019). Poverty and inequality in education. Office of Social Studies. Tehran: Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare. (In Persian)
Lefebvre, H. (1996). Writings on cities. Selected and Translated by: E. Kofman & E. Lebas. Oxford: Blackwell.
Marmot, M. (2010). Fair Society, Healthy Lives; the Marmot Review. Executive summary. Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England post-2010.
Ministry of Education (2021). Statistical review and analysis of the top ranks of the entrance exam of 2019 with the approach of equality and educational justice. Deputy of resource planning and development. Tehran: Ministry of Education. (In Persian)
Ministry of Interior (2017). Guidelines for child-friendly cities; Principles, characteristics and strategic criteria for municipalities. Organization of municipalities and villages of the country. Deputy Municipal Affairs and Urban Development Planning and Management Office. (In Persian)
Muncie, J. (2006). Critical Research. In “The Sage Dictionary of Social Research Methods”. Victor Jupp (Ed). Sage Pub: London.
Prout, A., & James, A. (1997). A New Paradigm for the Sociology of Childhood? Provenance, Promise and Problems. In “Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood”. Eds. A. James & A. Prout. London: Falmer Press.
Rostami, M., Bahman Oramani, M., & Khanehabad, N. (2011). Spatial distribution analysis of parks in district one of Kermanshah using GIS. Geographical Perspective (Human Studies),6(15), 50-69. (In Persian)
Sadranuri, B. (1992). An introduction to the use of art in the construction of green space. Proceedings of the green space seminar. Tehran: Publication of Tehran Municipality Parks and Green Space Organization.
UNICEF (2018). Child Friendly Cities and Communities Handbook. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Child Friendly Cities Initiative.
Farhadi, M., Shahbazyan, A., & Lotfallahzade, T. (2023). Children’s Right to the City
(Comparison in two privileged and impoverished regions of Kermanshah city). Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 12(3), 447-462. doi: 10.22059/jisr.2023.358916.1400
MLA
Mohammad Farhadi; Arash Shahbazyan; Tina Lotfallahzade. "Children’s Right to the City
(Comparison in two privileged and impoverished regions of Kermanshah city)", Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 12, 3, 2023, 447-462. doi: 10.22059/jisr.2023.358916.1400
HARVARD
Farhadi, M., Shahbazyan, A., Lotfallahzade, T. (2023). 'Children’s Right to the City
(Comparison in two privileged and impoverished regions of Kermanshah city)', Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 12(3), pp. 447-462. doi: 10.22059/jisr.2023.358916.1400
VANCOUVER
Farhadi, M., Shahbazyan, A., Lotfallahzade, T. Children’s Right to the City
(Comparison in two privileged and impoverished regions of Kermanshah city). Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 2023; 12(3): 447-462. doi: 10.22059/jisr.2023.358916.1400