University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 Analysis of the Position of the Institute of Social Studies and Research of Tehran University in the Academic Sociology of Iran (1950s and 1960s) Analysis of the Position of the Institute of Social Studies and Research of Tehran University in the Academic Sociology of Iran (1950s and 1960s) 1 15 96778 10.22059/jisr.2024.366931.1450 FA Yaser Mohamadkhani Department of Cultural Sociology, Institute for Cultural, Social and Civilization Studies, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Towfigh PhD in sociology, Researcher and University lecturer, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Reza Kolahi Department of Cultural Sociology, Institute for Cultural, Social and Civilization Studies, Tehran, Iran Hossein Imani Jajarmi Department of Social Development, Faculty of Social sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran Journal Article 2023 10 18 The status of the Institute of Social Studies and Research, which commenced operations in the 1950s as part of the Faculty of Literature at the University of Tehran, is a pivotal inquiry in academic sociology in Iran. The majority of studies examining the institute regard sociology as an extraneous discipline unrelated to the field. This article employs critical history and document analysis to demonstrate that an examination of this position is unattainable without knowledge of the social environment in which the institution originated. The society of Iran has been depicted. Conversely, by addressing this inquiry, we are able to discern not only the prevailing trends in Iranian sociology, but also the origins and indications of the frailty and distress that currently afflict Iranian social sciences. With respect to this matter, the majority of analysts have examined the historiography of academic sociology in Iran. However, this perspective is disproportionate to the materials of this history, as we shall demonstrate that their primary emphasis is on the viability or rejection of social sciences in Iran. The findings will demonstrate that this scholarly establishment originated from the social concerns and requirements of Iran, and that throughout its development, sociology in Iran attempted to provide solutions to these issues and necessities. Our research indicates that historical information regarding contemporary Iranian society cannot be discerned by focusing solely on external factors. The status of the Institute of Social Studies and Research, which commenced operations in the 1950s as part of the Faculty of Literature at the University of Tehran, is a pivotal inquiry in academic sociology in Iran. The majority of studies examining the institute regard sociology as an extraneous discipline unrelated to the field. This article employs critical history and document analysis to demonstrate that an examination of this position is unattainable without knowledge of the social environment in which the institution originated. The society of Iran has been depicted. Conversely, by addressing this inquiry, we are able to discern not only the prevailing trends in Iranian sociology, but also the origins and indications of the frailty and distress that currently afflict Iranian social sciences. With respect to this matter, the majority of analysts have examined the historiography of academic sociology in Iran. However, this perspective is disproportionate to the materials of this history, as we shall demonstrate that their primary emphasis is on the viability or rejection of social sciences in Iran. The findings will demonstrate that this scholarly establishment originated from the social concerns and requirements of Iran, and that throughout its development, sociology in Iran attempted to provide solutions to these issues and necessities. Our research indicates that historical information regarding contemporary Iranian society cannot be discerned by focusing solely on external factors.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96778_e817d2c3e8dfb1be46be1919b4018f96.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 Ethnic Conflicts: Developing a Comprehensive Cultural Index Ethnic Conflicts: Developing a Comprehensive Cultural Index 17 33 96620 10.22059/jisr.2024.369594.1468 FA Azad Namaki Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Fazeli PhD in Sociology, Researcher of Iranian Social Issues. Tehran, Iran Yaghoub Ahmadi Department of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 12 16 In the prevailing currents of sociology and political science, the primary emphasis has traditionally leaned towards the examination of institutions, elite actors, and foreign interventions as explanatory factors for ethnic and religious conflicts. However, cultural sociology and the sociology of culture have introduced an alternative perspective, providing an additional lens through which to understand this phenomenon. These branches of study underscore the significance of cultural factors and value systems, shedding light on their pivotal role in the genesis of such conflicts. However, investigating the causal relationship between the cultural and value systems of societies and their respective developments with ethnic-religious conflicts requires a precise standard to measure it. Value and attitude Data underwent both theoretical and statistical refinement. Furthermore, a comprehensive ten-year longitudinal study systematically examined the empirical relationship between the cultural index and ethnoreligious conflicts. The initial phase of this longitudinal investigation involved 81 countries, followed by an expanded sample of 93 countries in the second round. Finally, through the aggregation of the entire dataset, the relationship between the cultural index and ethnoreligious conflicts was thoroughly measured. The findings indicate the cohesion of the conflict index comprised of four foundational cultural factors—embeddedness, intolerance, masculinity, and the sense of being chosen. Results reveal that this conflict index has demonstrated the capacity to elucidate a substantial portion of activism rooted in ethnicity and religion, whether directed against the other or manifested in conflicts between the government and ethnic/religious groups. The regression analysis indicates that approximately 40 percent of the variations in country-level conflicts can be predicted by the cultural factors inherent in the conflict index. In the prevailing currents of sociology and political science, the primary emphasis has traditionally leaned towards the examination of institutions, elite actors, and foreign interventions as explanatory factors for ethnic and religious conflicts. However, cultural sociology and the sociology of culture have introduced an alternative perspective, providing an additional lens through which to understand this phenomenon. These branches of study underscore the significance of cultural factors and value systems, shedding light on their pivotal role in the genesis of such conflicts. However, investigating the causal relationship between the cultural and value systems of societies and their respective developments with ethnic-religious conflicts requires a precise standard to measure it. Value and attitude Data underwent both theoretical and statistical refinement. Furthermore, a comprehensive ten-year longitudinal study systematically examined the empirical relationship between the cultural index and ethnoreligious conflicts. The initial phase of this longitudinal investigation involved 81 countries, followed by an expanded sample of 93 countries in the second round. Finally, through the aggregation of the entire dataset, the relationship between the cultural index and ethnoreligious conflicts was thoroughly measured. The findings indicate the cohesion of the conflict index comprised of four foundational cultural factors—embeddedness, intolerance, masculinity, and the sense of being chosen. Results reveal that this conflict index has demonstrated the capacity to elucidate a substantial portion of activism rooted in ethnicity and religion, whether directed against the other or manifested in conflicts between the government and ethnic/religious groups. The regression analysis indicates that approximately 40 percent of the variations in country-level conflicts can be predicted by the cultural factors inherent in the conflict index.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96620_b426e24f323f9adc0dfb9c1299a2b371.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 Sociological Study of the Characteristics of a Traumatized City from the Perspective of Citizens (Case Study of Tabriz City) Sociological Study of the Characteristics of a Traumatized City from the Perspective of Citizens (Case Study of Tabriz City) 37 53 96618 10.22059/jisr.2024.369225.1466 FA Fatemeh Golabi Department of Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Tavakkol Aghayari Hir Department of Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad-Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam 3. Department of Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Esmaeil Norouzi Department of Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2023 12 06 Developed countries transformed the city and urbanism into a dynamic and balanced phenomenon with the advent of the global urbanization process, taking into account the quality of life for their citizens. However, developing countries struggled with inadequate and flawed infrastructure and inefficiency. Due to their structural and institutional abnormalities, urbanization and urbanism have generated a multitude of urban issues and damages. This anomaly and the exponential expansion of the problems have created a traumatic environment in the urban areas of these societies.To attain the objective of comprehending how residents perceive and envision the traumatized urban environment, the present study employed a qualitative approach of the grounded theory variety. Thirty residents of the city of Tabriz participated in semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling in 2023 to provide the data, which were subsequently analyzed using the coding method. The primary classifications derived along the axis of the central category (traumatized city) were as follows: an unattractive city engulfed in malignant nodules, hazardous and distressing environments, an abundance and development of various types of injuries, management that neglected human-centered initiatives, and crises. Environmental, auditory, and visual pollution. The prevailing state of disrepairs within the metropolis induces a pervasive atmosphere of anxiety and psychological distress. Living in this traumatized city induces feelings of apprehension, hopelessness, anguish, and aimlessness. This circumstance increases the urgency for urban planners and officials to address this critical matter and implement fundamental strategies to rectify the situation in an effort to transform the urban environment into a more desirable place to live for the populace. Developed countries transformed the city and urbanism into a dynamic and balanced phenomenon with the advent of the global urbanization process, taking into account the quality of life for their citizens. However, developing countries struggled with inadequate and flawed infrastructure and inefficiency. Due to their structural and institutional abnormalities, urbanization and urbanism have generated a multitude of urban issues and damages. This anomaly and the exponential expansion of the problems have created a traumatic environment in the urban areas of these societies.To attain the objective of comprehending how residents perceive and envision the traumatized urban environment, the present study employed a qualitative approach of the grounded theory variety. Thirty residents of the city of Tabriz participated in semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling in 2023 to provide the data, which were subsequently analyzed using the coding method. The primary classifications derived along the axis of the central category (traumatized city) were as follows: an unattractive city engulfed in malignant nodules, hazardous and distressing environments, an abundance and development of various types of injuries, management that neglected human-centered initiatives, and crises. Environmental, auditory, and visual pollution. The prevailing state of disrepairs within the metropolis induces a pervasive atmosphere of anxiety and psychological distress. Living in this traumatized city induces feelings of apprehension, hopelessness, anguish, and aimlessness. This circumstance increases the urgency for urban planners and officials to address this critical matter and implement fundamental strategies to rectify the situation in an effort to transform the urban environment into a more desirable place to live for the populace.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96618_208a3f76dafb5755e820b471dfa63fab.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 Representation of Social Hope in Iranian New Wave Movement Works Representation of Social Hope in Iranian New Wave Movement Works 55 72 96621 10.22059/jisr.2024.358583.1399 FA Somayeh Karami Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Kamran Rabiei Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 03 Cinematic works serve as reflections of the cultural unconscious of a given society, providing sociologists with the opportunity to examine its hopes, aspirations, and societal concerns. This manuscript utilizes qualitative content analysis to examine the manner in which social hope is portrayed in 15 Iranian New Wave Movement films. The research endeavors to investigate two fundamental inquiries: “In what manner does Iranian New Wave Cinema depict social hope?” Furthermore, “How does this portrayal intersect with the societal hope of the film's creation?” Despite extensive literature on “social hope” and the “sociology of hope,” analytical formulations are limited. This article adopts Schneider's triple articulation—encompassing “agency,” “purposefulness,” and “feasibility”—as metrics for assessing social hope. This study employs qualitative content analysis to examine 15 films that serve as representations of the Iranian New Wave Movement, a cinematic movement that transpired in Iran from 1968 to 1978. Dariush Mehrjoei, Masoud Kimiaei, Nasser Taqvai, Bahram Bayzaei, and Amir Naderi are all noteworthy directors. A stratified sampling technique was utilized with the intention of selecting three works from each director in accordance with the research objective. This approach guaranteed the inclusion of articles that were most congruent with the objectives of the research. In general, the majority of new wave cinematographic works emphasize the intensified social despondency through the representation of objects that are “inactive” in terms of agency index, “lacking purpose” in terms of purposefulness index and Indicators of the possibility of being “disabled” emphasize the intensified social despair. The New Wave Movement, which rebelled against the sanguine official discourse, mirrored societal struggles during a period of political unrest by integrating Simmel's sociological theory of art and Snyder's social hope articulation. Through individual artistic expression within a collective cultural unconscious, the Movement challenges prevailing narratives, showcasing the pervasive social despair of their time with nuanced realism. Cinematic works serve as reflections of the cultural unconscious of a given society, providing sociologists with the opportunity to examine its hopes, aspirations, and societal concerns. This manuscript utilizes qualitative content analysis to examine the manner in which social hope is portrayed in 15 Iranian New Wave Movement films. The research endeavors to investigate two fundamental inquiries: “In what manner does Iranian New Wave Cinema depict social hope?” Furthermore, “How does this portrayal intersect with the societal hope of the film's creation?” Despite extensive literature on “social hope” and the “sociology of hope,” analytical formulations are limited. This article adopts Schneider's triple articulation—encompassing “agency,” “purposefulness,” and “feasibility”—as metrics for assessing social hope. This study employs qualitative content analysis to examine 15 films that serve as representations of the Iranian New Wave Movement, a cinematic movement that transpired in Iran from 1968 to 1978. Dariush Mehrjoei, Masoud Kimiaei, Nasser Taqvai, Bahram Bayzaei, and Amir Naderi are all noteworthy directors. A stratified sampling technique was utilized with the intention of selecting three works from each director in accordance with the research objective. This approach guaranteed the inclusion of articles that were most congruent with the objectives of the research. In general, the majority of new wave cinematographic works emphasize the intensified social despondency through the representation of objects that are “inactive” in terms of agency index, “lacking purpose” in terms of purposefulness index and Indicators of the possibility of being “disabled” emphasize the intensified social despair. The New Wave Movement, which rebelled against the sanguine official discourse, mirrored societal struggles during a period of political unrest by integrating Simmel's sociological theory of art and Snyder's social hope articulation. Through individual artistic expression within a collective cultural unconscious, the Movement challenges prevailing narratives, showcasing the pervasive social despair of their time with nuanced realism.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96621_bfcb5eaf391536f723e1c20c33b2fe6b.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 Materialistic Values and Body Objectification )Case Study :Female Students of Urmia University) Materialistic Values and Body Objectification )Case Study :Female Students of Urmia University) 73 89 96619 10.22059/jisr.2024.366063.1445 FA Saeed Soltani Bahram Department of Sociology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Danyar Ghorbani Department of Sociology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Journal Article 2023 10 02 In today's consumer society, women are socialized in such a way that they consider their body as a commodity. In this sense, the body is a text that has evolved into an ever-controversial commodity that represents the identity and class base of each person. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the physical objectification of students and its relationship with materialistic values. The research employed a survey methodology, wherein the required data was gathered using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the female students of Urmia University, 182 of whom were selected by stratified sampling. The results indicated that the mean of materialistic values among students was 61.28%, while the mean of physical objectification was approximately 59.67%. Upon analysis of the descriptive statistics pertaining to the dimensions of body objectification, it is evident that the dimension of body surveillance has the highest average (65.22%) and the dimension of body shame has the lowest average (48.40%). Among the contextual variables; faculty of study, monthly household income, and social class affect students' body image. Materialistic values have a positive and significant relationship with students' physical objectification (r=0.307). Among the dimensions of body objectification, body appearance control and body shame have a positive and significant relationship with materialistic values, except for the dimension of body surveillance, which has no significant relationship with materialistic values. The regression model shows that materialistic values account for 11% of the variability observed in body objectification. Therefore, it can be concluded that female students' body objectification stems from their pursuit of materialistic ideals. In today's consumer society, women are socialized in such a way that they consider their body as a commodity. In this sense, the body is a text that has evolved into an ever-controversial commodity that represents the identity and class base of each person. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the physical objectification of students and its relationship with materialistic values. The research employed a survey methodology, wherein the required data was gathered using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the female students of Urmia University, 182 of whom were selected by stratified sampling. The results indicated that the mean of materialistic values among students was 61.28%, while the mean of physical objectification was approximately 59.67%. Upon analysis of the descriptive statistics pertaining to the dimensions of body objectification, it is evident that the dimension of body surveillance has the highest average (65.22%) and the dimension of body shame has the lowest average (48.40%). Among the contextual variables; faculty of study, monthly household income, and social class affect students' body image. Materialistic values have a positive and significant relationship with students' physical objectification (r=0.307). Among the dimensions of body objectification, body appearance control and body shame have a positive and significant relationship with materialistic values, except for the dimension of body surveillance, which has no significant relationship with materialistic values. The regression model shows that materialistic values account for 11% of the variability observed in body objectification. Therefore, it can be concluded that female students' body objectification stems from their pursuit of materialistic ideals.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96619_178ff978ac5a7245e5b226da5edbb4f4.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 The Logic of Social Explanation in Moral Sciences from the Perspective of John Stuart Mill The Logic of Social Explanation in Moral Sciences from the Perspective of John Stuart Mill 91 105 96616 10.22059/jisr.2024.359580.1405 FA Mohammad Vahid Soheili Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Culture, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Bagheral Uloom (AS) University, Qom, Iran Hamid Parsania Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Soltani Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Culture, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Bagheral Uloom (AS) University, Qom, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 21 The main issue in the development of a knowledge system is logic, based on which the necessary relationships between the categories of a specific knowledge system are explained. John Stewart put forth a concept in his book System of Logic regarding the evolution of the social and moral sciences, which introduced distinctive methodological tools. Inspired by Newtonian physics and political economy, he sought to explain the development path of moral sciences or, in a more modern way, human sciences. In order to establish a novel framework for the study of moral sciences, he required an innovative logic to elucidate moral phenomena. Hence, his emphasis lies not on the logical aspects of gathering observational data, but rather on the formation of social categories and the necessary relationships between them. In this article, we analyze the books and articles related to the explanatory logic system in moral sciences from the perspective of John Stuart Mill using analytical-descriptive method. In pursuit of this purpose, the textual material from the book Logic System has been utilized as the primary source. To attain a more comprehensive analysis of the text's substance and uncover its concealed strata, preliminary references to Mil's other works and his intellectual framework were made, followed by articles and books that pertain to his logic system. Written along with macro principles, we have used empiricism. An analysis of the substance of John Stuart Mill's writings, with particular emphasis on the book System of Logic, reveals that although moral science uses the general rules of empiricism, it has a special logic in terms of content, which includes a special way of History develops. The main issue in the development of a knowledge system is logic, based on which the necessary relationships between the categories of a specific knowledge system are explained. John Stewart put forth a concept in his book System of Logic regarding the evolution of the social and moral sciences, which introduced distinctive methodological tools. Inspired by Newtonian physics and political economy, he sought to explain the development path of moral sciences or, in a more modern way, human sciences. In order to establish a novel framework for the study of moral sciences, he required an innovative logic to elucidate moral phenomena. Hence, his emphasis lies not on the logical aspects of gathering observational data, but rather on the formation of social categories and the necessary relationships between them. In this article, we analyze the books and articles related to the explanatory logic system in moral sciences from the perspective of John Stuart Mill using analytical-descriptive method. In pursuit of this purpose, the textual material from the book Logic System has been utilized as the primary source. To attain a more comprehensive analysis of the text's substance and uncover its concealed strata, preliminary references to Mil's other works and his intellectual framework were made, followed by articles and books that pertain to his logic system. Written along with macro principles, we have used empiricism. An analysis of the substance of John Stuart Mill's writings, with particular emphasis on the book System of Logic, reveals that although moral science uses the general rules of empiricism, it has a special logic in terms of content, which includes a special way of History develops.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96616_1a2776637311ce6675b31e3ca78988dc.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 03 20 Sociological Study of the Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations of Welfare Services in Tehran Sociological Study of the Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations of Welfare Services in Tehran 107 126 96615 10.22059/jisr.2024.362019.1423 FA Mohammad Ali Keyani Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Rasoul Afzali University of Tehran / Faculty of Geography / Tehran Mohammad Asadian 3. The Center for Research and Strategic Studies of the Islamic Council of Karaj, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2023 07 25 Evaluation of the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is one of the main indicators in optimizing their management process. This article aims to assess the efficacy of welfare services and offer recommendations to management regarding their areas of improvement. The research methodology employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data have been collected by questionnaire survey and qualitative data by in-depth interview. The sample size for the survey research was comprised of 384 individuals, who were clients and service recipients of welfare services in Tehran and comprised the statistical population. The in-depth interview was attended by fifteen senior managers and specialists. The results indicated that welfare services achieved success solely in their non-professional domains; their professional endeavors were primarily hindered by inadequate funding, insufficient expertise and specialization, and inadequate knowledge. The performance analysis of welfare services using the performance-importance analysis model showed that the four areas of professional activity of them are in the waste of resources unit and require their transfer to the optimal performance sector. Welfare service-providing NGOs in Tehran have not achieved success. This requires the restoration of three parts of the process through the way they interact with the government; content is through specialization; performance improvement; and development with periodic evaluations Evaluation of the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is one of the main indicators in optimizing their management process. This article aims to assess the efficacy of welfare services and offer recommendations to management regarding their areas of improvement. The research methodology employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data have been collected by questionnaire survey and qualitative data by in-depth interview. The sample size for the survey research was comprised of 384 individuals, who were clients and service recipients of welfare services in Tehran and comprised the statistical population. The in-depth interview was attended by fifteen senior managers and specialists. The results indicated that welfare services achieved success solely in their non-professional domains; their professional endeavors were primarily hindered by inadequate funding, insufficient expertise and specialization, and inadequate knowledge. The performance analysis of welfare services using the performance-importance analysis model showed that the four areas of professional activity of them are in the waste of resources unit and require their transfer to the optimal performance sector. Welfare service-providing NGOs in Tehran have not achieved success. This requires the restoration of three parts of the process through the way they interact with the government; content is through specialization; performance improvement; and development with periodic evaluations

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96615_254ff033d8951a90f85d8ab97ec94c7e.pdf

University of Tehran Press Social Studies and Research in Iran 2588-6355 13 1 2024 06 13 Social, Structural and Individual Explanation of Women's Employability in Political Science Social, Structural and Individual Explanation of Women's Employability in Political Science 127 144 96622 10.22059/jisr.2022.344351.1315 FA Hamid Masoudi Department of Sociology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Vahid Sinaee Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh Zolfagharian PhD Student of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 1970 01 01 The employability of graduates, especially in humanities, is one of the important issues in the field of education, and considering the high volume of admissions in universities, it is very important to investigate this issue. This study aims to examine the relationship between female political science graduates' employability and their engagement in continuing education. Two research methodologies were employed: secondary analysis of data obtained from the educational system's alumni information system, with a specific emphasis on graduation rates and gender distribution. Graduates were surveyed via telephone with regard to their employment status, motivations, and reasons for continuing their education. There is a high graduation rate (80%) in political science, with women comprising 53% of graduates and holding the majority of top positions (51%). The telephone survey revealed a 51% employment rate among graduates, with most employed in the public sector on full-time contracts. Financial independence was cited by graduates as the principal incentive for securing employment, while unemployment was primarily attributed to a dearth of opportunities. Continuing education was identified as the primary impetus for these individuals. Regression analysis revealed that employment is influenced by variables such as city residence in Mashhad and involvement in student organizations (both on and off campus), which presumably offer opportunities for skill development. The study suggests a link between continuing education, participation in student organizations, and employability among female political science graduates. The employability of graduates, especially in humanities, is one of the important issues in the field of education, and considering the high volume of admissions in universities, it is very important to investigate this issue. This study aims to examine the relationship between female political science graduates' employability and their engagement in continuing education. Two research methodologies were employed: secondary analysis of data obtained from the educational system's alumni information system, with a specific emphasis on graduation rates and gender distribution. Graduates were surveyed via telephone with regard to their employment status, motivations, and reasons for continuing their education. There is a high graduation rate (80%) in political science, with women comprising 53% of graduates and holding the majority of top positions (51%). The telephone survey revealed a 51% employment rate among graduates, with most employed in the public sector on full-time contracts. Financial independence was cited by graduates as the principal incentive for securing employment, while unemployment was primarily attributed to a dearth of opportunities. Continuing education was identified as the primary impetus for these individuals. Regression analysis revealed that employment is influenced by variables such as city residence in Mashhad and involvement in student organizations (both on and off campus), which presumably offer opportunities for skill development. The study suggests a link between continuing education, participation in student organizations, and employability among female political science graduates.

https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_96622_58b66e871281c242321c45ab352f2751.pdf